Insurance Needs Assessment for Empty Nesters and Retirees

Posted on September 15, 2026 by Chief Marketing Officer Jessica

With children out of the house, financial priorities become more focused on preparing for retirement. At this stage, you may very likely be at the height of your earning power and fast approaching peak savings as you lay the groundwork for retirement. During this final leg to retirement, and throughout your retirement period – wealth protection is critical.

The preservation of your assets may not be solely a function of your investment strategy, but may include a comprehensive insurance approach to protect you against an array of financial risks – most especially health care.

In addition to wealth protection, you can also now be seriously contemplating a number of important estate and legacy objectives.

Home

Even though your mortgage may be paid off, and thus released of the lender’s requirement to have homeowner’s insurance – it remains important to consider coverage against property loss and exposure to personal liability. Now is an ideal time to review your policy as the cost of replacing your home and the belongings contained therein, may have grown over the years.

Also, consider an umbrella policy, which is designed to help protect against the financial risk of personal liability.

Health

There are several key health insurance issues facing empty nesters and retirees.

If you retire prior to age 65 when Medicare coverage is set to begin, you will need coverage to bridge the gap between when you retire and when you turn 65. If your spouse continues to work, you may want to consider getting yourself added to his or her plan, though you may need to wait until the employer’s annual enrollment period.

Alternatively, you also may purchase coverage through a private insurer or through HealthCare.gov (or your state’s program, if available).

Once you enroll in Medicare, you should consider purchasing Part D of Medicare, the Medicare Prescription Drug Plan – which can help you save money on prescriptions.

Additionally, you may want to consider other Medigap insurance, which is designed to pay for medical care not covered by Medicare. Medigap plans are bought through private insurance companies and best purchased within the first six months of turning age 65, in an effort to get the best price and the most choices.

Disability

This coverage may continue until you retire. When you stop working, you should consider canceling your disability insurance as the need for it has expired.

Life

The financial obligations that drove your life insurance needs while you were raising a family may have evaporated. However, you may find new needs arising from estate issues, such as liquidity, creating a legacy, etc.

Several factors will affect the cost and availability of life insurance – including age, health and the type and amount of insurance purchased. Life insurance policies have expenses, including mortality and other charges. If a policy is surrendered prematurely, the policyholder also may pay surrender charges and have income tax implications. You should consider determining whether you are insurable before implementing a strategy involving life insurance. Any guarantees associated with a policy are dependent on the ability of the issuing insurance company to continue making claim payments.

Extended Care

For some, extended care insurance is a priority in this stage of life. With the expense of children in the rearview mirror, you can now turn your focus to buying protection against potentially the most significant healthcare expense you are likely to face in retirement.

Designed to pay for chronic, long-lasting illnesses and regular care, whether in home or at a nursing home – extended care insurance coverage is critically important since most of these costs are not covered by Medicare.

Questions about this topic or interested in setting up a time to talk? Contact First Financial’s Investment & Retirement Center by calling 732.312.1534. You can also email maureen.mcgreevy@lpl.com

Securities and advisory services are offered through LPL Financial (LPL), a registered investment advisor and broker/dealer (member FINRA/SIPC). Insurance products are offered through LPL or its licensed affiliates. First Financial Federal Credit Union (FFFCU) and First Financial Investment & Retirement Center are not registered as a broker/dealer or investment advisor. Registered representatives of LPL offer products and services using First Financial Investment & Retirement Center, and may also be employees of FFFCU. These products and services are being offered through LPL or its affiliates, which are separate entities from and not affiliates of FFFCU or First Financial Investment & Retirement Center.

Securities and insurance offered through LPL or its affiliates are:

The content is developed from sources believed to be providing accurate information. The information in this material is not intended as tax or legal advice. It may not be used for the purpose of avoiding any federal tax penalties. Please consult legal or tax professionals for specific information regarding your individual situation. This material was developed and produced by FMG Suite to provide information on a topic that may be of interest. FMG Suite is not affiliated with the named broker-dealer, state- or SEC-registered investment advisory firm. The opinions expressed and material provided are for general information, and should not be considered a solicitation for the purchase or sale of any security. Copyright FMG Suite.

Choices for Your 401(k) at a Former Employer

Posted on August 19, 2026 by Chief Marketing Officer Jessica

One of the common threads of a mobile workforce is that many individuals who leave their job are faced with a decision about what to do with their 401(k) account.¹

Individuals typically have four choices with the 401(k) account they accrued at a previous employer.²

Choice 1: Leave it with Your Previous Employer

You may choose to do nothing and leave your account in your previous employer’s 401(k) plan. However, if your account balance is under a certain amount, be aware that your ex-employer may elect to distribute the funds to you.

There may be reasons to keep your 401(k) with your previous employer — such as investments that are low-cost or have limited availability outside of the plan. Other reasons are to maintain certain creditor protections that are unique to qualified retirement plans or to retain the ability to borrow from it if the plan allows for such loans to ex-employees.³

The primary downside is that individuals can become disconnected from the old account and pay less attention to the ongoing management of its investments.

Choice 2: Transfer to Your New Employer’s 401(k) Plan

Provided your current employer’s 401(k) accepts the transfer of assets from a pre-existing 401(k), you may want to consider moving these assets to your new plan.

The primary benefits to transferring are the convenience of consolidating your assets, retaining their strong creditor protections, and keeping them accessible via the plan’s loan feature.

If the new plan has a competitive investment menu, many individuals prefer to transfer their account and make a full break with their former employer.

Choice 3: Roll Over Assets to a Traditional Individual Retirement Account (IRA)

Another choice is to roll assets over into a new or existing traditional IRA. It’s possible that a traditional IRA may provide some investment choices that may not exist in your new 401(k) plan.⁴

The drawback to this approach may be less creditor protection and the loss of access to these funds via a 401(k) loan feature.

Remember, don’t feel rushed into making a decision. You have time to consider your choices and may want to seek professional guidance to answer any questions you may have.

Choice 4: Cash Out the Account

The last choice is to simply cash out of the account. However, if you choose to cash out, you may be required to pay ordinary income tax on the balance plus a 10% early withdrawal penalty if you are under the age of 59½. In addition, employers may hold onto 20% of your account balance to pre-pay the taxes you’ll owe.

Think carefully before deciding to cash out a retirement plan. Aside from the costs of the early withdrawal penalty, there’s an additional opportunity cost in taking money out of an account that could potentially grow on a tax-deferred basis. For example, taking $10,000 out of a 401(k) instead of rolling over into an account earning an average of 8% in tax-deferred earnings could leave you $100,000 short after 30 years.⁵

Securities and insurance offered through LPL or its affiliates are:

In most circumstances, you must begin taking required minimum distributions from your 401(k) or other defined contribution plan in the year you turn 73. Withdrawals from your 401(k) or other defined contribution plans are taxed as ordinary income, and if taken before age 59½, may be subject to a 10% federal income tax penalty.
FINRA.org, 2024
A 401(k) loan not paid is deemed a distribution, subject to income taxes and a 10% tax penalty if the account owner is under 59½. If the account owner switches jobs or gets laid off, any outstanding 401(k) loan balance becomes due by the time the person files his or her federal tax return.
In most circumstances, once you reach age 73, you must begin taking required minimum distributions from a Traditional Individual Retirement Account (IRA). Withdrawals from Traditional IRAs are taxed as ordinary income and, if taken before age 59½, may be subject to a 10% federal income tax penalty. You may continue to contribute to a Traditional IRA past age 70½ as long as you meet the earned-income requirement.
This is a hypothetical example used for illustrative purposes only. It is not representative of any specific investment or combination of investments.

The content is developed from sources believed to be providing accurate information. The information in this material is not intended as tax or legal advice. It may not be used for the purpose of avoiding any federal tax penalties. Please consult legal or tax professionals for specific information regarding your individual situation. This material was developed and produced by FMG Suite to provide information on a topic that may be of interest. FMG, LLC, is not affiliated with the named broker-dealer, state or SEC-registered investment advisory firm. The opinions expressed and material provided are for general information, and should not be considered a solicitation for the purchase or sale of any security. Copyright FMG Suite.

Where Will Your Retirement Money Come From?

Posted on July 22, 2026 by Chief Marketing Officer Jessica

What workers anticipate in terms of retirement income sources may differ considerably from what retirees actually experience. For many people, retirement income may come from a variety of sources. Here’s a quick review of the six main sources:

Social Security

Social Security is the government-administered retirement income program. Workers become eligible after paying Social Security taxes for 10 years. Benefits are based on each worker’s 35 highest earning years. If there are fewer than 35 years of earnings, non-earning years are averaged in as zero. For 2026, the average monthly benefit is estimated at $2,071.^1,2

Personal Savings and Investments

Personal savings and investments outside of retirement plans can provide income during retirement. Retirees often prefer to go for investments that offer monthly guaranteed income over potential returns.

Individual Retirement Account

Traditional IRAs have been around since 1974. Contributions you make to a traditional IRA may be fully or partially deductible, depending on your individual circumstances. In most circumstances, once you reach age 73, you must begin taking required minimum distributions from a Traditional Individual Retirement Account (IRA). Withdrawals from Traditional IRAs are taxed as ordinary income, and if taken before age 59½ – may be subject to a 10% federal income tax penalty. You may continue to contribute to a Traditional IRA past age 70½ as long as you meet the earned-income requirement.

Roth IRAs were created in 1997. Roth IRA contributions cannot be made by taxpayers with high incomes. To qualify for the tax-free and penalty-free withdrawal of earnings, Roth IRA distributions must meet a five-year holding requirement and occur after age 59½. Tax-free and penalty-free withdrawals also can be taken under certain other circumstances, including as a result of the owner’s death. The original Roth IRA owner is not required to take minimum annual withdrawals.

Defined Contribution Plans

Many workers are eligible to participate in a defined-contribution plan such as a 401(k), 403(b), or 457 plan. Eligible workers can set aside a portion of their pre-tax income into an account, which then accumulates, tax-deferred.

In most circumstances, you must begin taking required minimum distributions from your 401(k) or other defined contribution plan in the year you turn 73. Withdrawals from your 401(k) or other defined contribution plans are taxed as ordinary income, and if taken before age 59½, may be subject to a 10% federal income tax penalty.

Defined Benefit Plans

Defined benefit plans are “traditional” pensions, or employer–sponsored plans under which benefits rather than contributions, are defined. Benefits are normally based on factors such as salary history and duration of employment. The number of traditional pension plans has dropped dramatically during the past 30 years.³

Continued Employment

In a recent survey, 73% of workers stated that they planned to keep working in retirement. In contrast, only 25% of retirees reported that continued employment was a major or minor source of retirement income.⁴

Expected vs. Actual Sources of Income in Retirement

What workers anticipate in terms of retirement income sources may differ considerably from what retirees actually experience.

Securities and insurance offered through LPL or its affiliates are:

& 2. SSA.gov, 2025
Investopedia.com, December August 16, 2025
EBRI.org, 2024

The content is developed from sources believed to be providing accurate information. The information in this material is not intended as tax or legal advice. It may not be used for the purpose of avoiding any federal tax penalties. Please consult legal or tax professionals for specific information regarding your individual situation. This material was developed and produced by FMG Suite to provide information on a topic that may be of interest. FMG, LLC, is not affiliated with the named broker-dealer, state or SEC-registered investment advisory firm. The opinions expressed and material provided are for general information, and should not be considered a solicitation for the purchase or sale of any security. Copyright FMG Suite.

Trump Accounts Go Live Tomorrow: What to Know

Posted on July 3, 2026 by Chief Marketing Officer Jessica

A new federally created savings account for American children will launch on July 4, 2026, when Trump Accounts will begin accepting contributions. These accounts were formally established under Section 530A of the Internal Revenue Code as part of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act.

Whether you have a newborn, a teenager, or grandchildren across multiple ages – we thought it might be helpful to give you an overview of what the accounts actually do, what they do not do, and how to think about them alongside what you may already have in place for the children in your life. This new account type has certain limitations and decisions that will depend on your family’s situation and goals.

What Are Trump Accounts, Exactly?

Trump Accounts were created for any child under 18 who has a valid Social Security Number and U.S. citizenship. The account is held in the child’s name, with a parent or guardian serving as custodian until the child turns 18, at which point the account is treated like a traditional IRA under standard IRS rules.¹

For U.S. citizens born between January 1, 2025, and December 31, 2028, the federal government will make a one-time $1,000 contribution, called the pilot program payment — into children’s Trump Accounts to help kick-start their savings.¹

Who Receives the $1,000 Federal Seed — and Who Does Not

The seed money is a detail that may be confusing, so it is worth stating clearly.

Children born between January 1, 2025, and December 31, 2028, who are U.S. citizens, may be eligible for Trump Accounts—and a one-time $1,000 federal pilot contribution deposited directly by the U.S. Treasury.

There are no income requirements to receive this contribution, meaning it is available regardless of family income. The election is made on IRS Form 4547.

By completing this form you’ll be modifying your tax return, and you are encouraged to consult your tax, legal, or accounting professional if you want to move ahead with a Trump Account.

Children born before January 1, 2025, do not receive the federal $1,000 seed. However, they may still open a Trump Account with all other features intact, provided they are under age 18 and have a valid Social Security Number. For families with older children, the account may still make sense as a supplemental vehicle, even without the seed contribution.

What Other Entities Are Making Contributions

The Treasury has announced that dozens of companies are prepared to match their employee contributions to their children’s accounts in various ways. Some companies have stepped up and said they are going to contribute to the accounts, and some others have said they will make contributions as part of their philanthropic initiatives. Taken together, these additional contributions may start to add up.^2,3

This contribution is separate from the federal program and has its own eligibility process. Families in qualifying areas should monitor updates from the Invest America Council for details as they are finalized.

How Account Contributions Work

Once a Trump Account is open, here is who can contribute and how:⁴

Parents, family members, friends, and the child themselves may contribute up to $5,000 per year, combined. This limit will be indexed for inflation starting in 2027.
Employers may contribute up to $2,500 per year to an employee’s account or the account of the employee’s dependent. Employer contributions count toward the $5,000 annual limit.
Governmental entities, state programs, and eligible 501(c)(3) charitable organizations may make qualified general contributions to a class of beneficiaries, such as all children born in a given year within a state or county. These contributions do not count against the $5,000 individual limit.
There is no earned income requirement for the child. Contributions are after-tax (not deductible) for individual contributors.

One important tax distinction: Individual contributions from parents, family, and the child are made with after-tax dollars and are generally not taxable upon withdrawal. The federal seed, employer contributions, and charitable program contributions are treated as pre-tax and will be taxable as ordinary income when withdrawn.

This article goes over high-level information. Your tax professional can speak to your unique tax situation.

Where the Money Can Be Invested

There are constraints on where the assets in Trump Accounts can be invested. Account funds must be invested in low-cost U.S. equity index funds or exchange-traded funds. The law imposes a fee cap of 0.10% (10 basis points) annually.⁵

What that means in practice: Funds are concentrated in U.S. stock market exposure, without access to international equity, fixed income, real assets, or other asset categories. For an 18-year time horizon, a U.S. equity index allocation has historically performed well. The potential lack of asset class diversification and the presence of more conservative options within the account are factors families and their financial professionals should consider in the broader picture.

Exchange-traded funds are sold only by prospectus, which will provide more detail on the risks, expenses, and investment objectives. We encourage you to read the prospectus carefully. Asset allocation and diversification are approaches to help manage investment risk. Asset allocation does not guarantee against investment loss.

How Much Could Your Child’s Account Be Worth Before They Graduate High School?

What is the “Growth Period” of an Account?

The “growth period” for the beneficiary of a 530A account begins when the initial Trump Accounts were established and ends on December 31 of the calendar year in which the account beneficiary attains age 17. Generally, distributions from Trump Accounts are not allowed during the growth period.⁵

What Happens When the Child Turns 18?

At the end of the calendar year in which the child turns 17, the growth period officially closes. From that point forward, the account operates as a traditional IRA under standard IRS rules, and the child takes full ownership.

Penalty-free uses after age 18 follow traditional IRA exception rules, which include:

Qualified higher education expenses (tuition, fees, required books, room, and board)
First-time home purchase, up to $10,000 lifetime
Withdrawals after reaching age 59½ for retirement
Other traditional IRA exceptions under IRS rules (disability, certain medical expenses, etc.)

Once you reach age 73, you must begin taking the required minimum distributions from a traditional IRA in most circumstances. Withdrawals from traditional IRAs are taxed as ordinary income and, if taken before age 59½, may be subject to a 10% federal income tax penalty.

There is also no requirement to use the funds for a specific purpose—the child may withdraw for any reason upon turning 18, though taxes and potential penalties would apply.

This last point is worth flagging in family conversations. Unlike a 529 account, which is structured specifically around education spending, Trump Accounts do not legally restrict the beneficiary’s access once they reach 18. Parents and grandparents contributing with specific goals in mind should factor this into their overall strategy.⁶

A 529 plan is a tax-advantaged education savings plan. Before choosing a plan, it’s important to consider not only the state tax treatment – but also any associated fees and expenses.⁶

How Trump Accounts Compare to Other Savings Vehicles

While Trump Accounts are a new tool, they are not meant to replace existing ones. How they stack up depends on what your family is trying to accomplish.

If education funding is your primary goal, you might want to consider a 529 account because of its tax-free growth and tax-free withdrawals for qualifying education expenses. If the goal is to focus on the future with flexibility beyond college, then Trump Accounts may play a role.

State Tax Conformity: An Important Variable

Federal tax treatment is only part of the picture. States are not required to conform to federal tax rules, and some do not. California, for example, does not currently conform to Section 530A. Families in non-conforming states may face state income tax on deferred federal growth. This is an area where guidance is still evolving and where involving a tax professional can help.

What to Do Right Now

The most time-sensitive action for families with children born in 2025 or 2026 is establishing the account and making the pilot program election to pursue the federal $1,000 contribution. Here is a checklist to consider:⁵

If your child was born in 2025: File IRS Form 4547 through Trumpaccounts.gov.
Contributions can begin after July 4, 2026.
If your child was born in 2026 or later through 2028, file Form 4547 at any time before December 31 of the year the child turns 17.
If your child was born before 2025 and is under 18, an account can still be opened without the federal seed.
Regardless of birth year: Confirm your state’s tax conformity with Section 530A before making substantial contributions.
Revisit your existing strategy: If you already have a 529 account, the Trump Accounts may work alongside it.

A Few Cautions

New account types take time for implementation guidance to settle fully. As of July 2026, several aspects of Trump Accounts are confirmed in statute, but IRS regulations are still being finalized. Key areas of ongoing guidance include specific eligibility verification procedures for the federal seed, gift tax treatment for contributions (particularly for grandparents), and final confirmation of withdrawal rules and penalties as they interact with traditional IRA frameworks.

Good recordkeeping matters from the start. Track the source of every contribution separately, because personal after-tax contributions and government or employer pre-tax contributions are taxed differently on withdrawal. Mixing records may complicate your tax strategy down the road.

If you’re considering Trump Accounts, a financial professional may offer some insights. The rules are real, the benefits are real, and the decisions about how to incorporate Trump Accounts into a broader savings strategy are genuinely individualized.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can Grandparents Contribute to Trump Accounts?

Yes. A parent, guardian, grandparent, or adult sibling can make an election for an eligible child and file Form 4547 on their behalf. Grandparents can also contribute to the account once it is open, subject to the $5,000 annual combined limit that applies across all contributors. The accounts are well-suited to multigenerational giving, but coordinating contribution amounts across family members matters.⁸

What Happens to Trump Accounts if My Child Does Not Go to College?

The account does not require an educational purpose. After the child turns 18, the account behaves like a traditional IRA, and penalty-free withdrawals are available for qualified higher education expenses, a first-time home purchase up to $10,000, or retirement after reaching age 59½. For any other use before 59½, withdrawals are subject to ordinary income tax plus a 10% early withdrawal penalty on the taxable portion.⁹

Can My Child Have Both Trump Accounts and a 529 Account?

Yes. There is no rule preventing a family from maintaining both Trump Accounts and a 529 account simultaneously. The two accounts might serve different purposes: A 529 account for education spending with tax-free qualified withdrawals, while Trump Accounts can be used for other things. ¹⁰

Should I Open a Trump Account Even if I Already Maxed Out a 529 Account?

It depends on your goals and tax situation, but the $1,000 federal seed for children born 2025 through 2028 is a straightforward reason to establish the account. If your child is eligible for the federal $1,000 contribution, filing Form 4547 online takes little time and costs nothing.⁷

Is There a Deadline to Claim the $1,000 Federal Contribution?

The last day to make a pilot program election for an eligible child is December 31 of the calendar year in which the child reaches age 17.⁵

For children born in 2025, the election can be made with the 2025 tax return or through TrumpAccounts.gov, and the earlier the account is established, the longer the $1,000 has the opportunity to grow before the child turns 18.

Interested in setting up a time to talk about financial planning for your family? Contact First Financial’s Investment & Retirement Center

Securities and insurance offered through LPL or its affiliates are:

This content is for informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute tax, legal, or investment advice. Trump Accounts rules are subject to ongoing IRS guidance. Consult a qualified tax advisor or financial professional before making decisions based on this content. Projected growth figures are hypothetical and illustrative only; past performance of any index does not guarantee future results. Copyright FMG Suite.

A 529 plan is a tax-advantaged education savings plan. Before choosing a plan, it’s important to consider not only the state tax treatment but also any associated fees and expenses. Availability of a state tax deduction will depend on your state of residence, as state tax laws and treatment may vary from federal tax laws. If you make nonqualified distributions, earnings will be subject to income tax and a 10% federal penalty tax.

Sources:

1. Investor.gov, April 2026
2. BusinessWire.com, January 29, 2026
3. APNews.com, December 2, 2025
4. IRS.gov, December 2, 2025
5. GovInfo.gov, March 9, 2026
6. PKFOD.com, April 2026
7. BrooklynFI.com, February 20, 2026
8. MilestoneFinancialPlanning.com, March 26, 2026
9. Knowledge.DLAPiper.com, March 30, 2026
10. ConcentricWealthPartners.com, March 6, 2026

Prevent a Rift: Money Tips for Newlyweds

Posted on June 23, 2026 by Chief Marketing Officer Jessica

35% of couples attribute stress in their relationship to financial issues. This could explain why some experts say financial problems are one of the top reasons marriages fail.^1,2

Fortunately, when couples work together to address their finances, they may be able to mitigate many of the problems money may cause in a marriage.

10 Tips for Newly Married Couples

Communication – Couples should consider talking about their financial goals, memories, and habits, as each partner may come into the marriage with fundamental differences in experiences and outlooks driving their behaviors.
Set Goals – Setting goals establishes a common objective that both partners become committed to pursuing.
Create a Budget – A budget is an exercise for developing a spending and savings plan that is designed to reflect mutually agreed-upon priorities.
Set the Foundation for Your Financial House – Identify assets and sources of debt. Look to begin reducing debt, while building an emergency savings fund.
Work Together – By sharing the financial decision-making, both spouses are vested in all choices, reducing the friction that can come from a single decision-maker.
Set a Minimum Threshold for Big Expenses – While possessing a level of individual spending latitude is reasonable, large expenditures should only be made with both spouses’ consent. Agreeing to a purchase amount should require a mutual decision.
Set Up Regular Meetings – Set aside a predetermined time once or twice a month to discuss finances. Talk about budgeting, upcoming expenses, and any changes in circumstances.
Update and Revise – As a newly married couple, you may need to update the beneficiaries on your accounts, reevaluate your insurance coverage, and revise (or create) your will.³
Love, Trust, and Honesty – Approach contentious subjects with care and understanding, be honest about money decisions you know your spouse might be upset with, and trust your spouse to be responsible with handling finances.
Consider Speaking with a Financial Professional – A financial professional may offer insights to help you work through the critical financial decisions that all married couples face.

Securities and insurance offered through LPL or its affiliates are:

CNBC.com, May 9, 2023
Investopedia.com, June 10, 2023
When drafting a will, consider enlisting the help of a legal, tax, or financial professional who may be able to offer additional insight, especially if you have a large estate or complex family situation.

The content is developed from sources believed to be providing accurate information. The information in this material is not intended as tax or legal advice. It may not be used for the purpose of avoiding any federal tax penalties. Please consult legal or tax professionals for specific information regarding your individual situation. This material was developed and produced by FMG Suite to provide information on a topic that may be of interest. FMG, LLC, is not affiliated with the named broker-dealer, state or SEC-registered investment advisory firm. The opinions expressed and material provided are for general information, and should not be considered a solicitation for the purchase or sale of any security. Copyright FMG Suite.

What Can You Do With a 529 Account if Your Kids Decide Against College?

Posted on May 12, 2026 by Chief Marketing Officer Jessica

As a parent or grandparent, you may have diligently saved money in a 529 account to help fund your child’s or grandchild’s college education. But what happens if they decide college isn’t the right path for them? It’s a valid question that many families are facing as more and more people choose alternatives to traditional four-year colleges.

It’s a more common situation than you might think. Fewer students are going to college, and the expenses continue to climb. American undergraduate enrollment rates peaked in 2010 and have steadily declined since. During the same period, the average costs of tuition and fees at a four-year public institution have risen by over 12 percent in inflation-adjusted dollars.^1,2

A 529 plan is a college savings plan that allows individuals to save for college on a tax-advantaged basis. The state tax treatment of 529 accounts is only one factor to consider before committing to this savings plan. You should also consider any fees and expenses associated with a particular plan. Whether or not a state tax deduction is available will depend on your state of residence. State tax laws and treatment may vary, and state tax laws may differ from federal tax laws. Earnings on non-qualified distributions will be subject to income tax and a 10 percent federal penalty tax.

First and foremost, it’s important to remember that having a 529 account doesn’t mean that the funds are reserved only for a four-year college education. Several choices are available for using the money saved in the account.

One option is to use the funds for a two-year program, such as those for an associate’s degree or at a trade school. Many vocational schools offer programs that can lead to careers that don’t require a four-year degree. When you use the funds in a 529 account for these programs, you are still investing in your child’s or grandchild’s future and providing them with skills that may help them succeed.³

Another option is to use the funds for education expenses outside the United States. Many countries have educational institutions that offer programs that may interest the student in your life. By using the funds in a 529 account, you can help support their academic goals, no matter where they choose to pursue them. Certain restrictions apply, so you will need to explore this option more thoroughly if you decide to pursue it.³

The rules for 529 accounts allow paying up to $10,000 per year in tuition expenses at elementary, middle, or secondary schools with 529 assets. Furthermore, a lifetime maximum of up to $10,000 of 529 assets can repay existing student loans. So if the student doesn’t use the 529 plan, it could be used by a different beneficiary. This means that you can transfer the funds to another family member who may be preparing to attend college, or you might even use the funds for your education if you decide to return to school.³

A 529 account holder can move money to a Roth IRA account under certain conditions, including:³

The 529 plan must have been open for a minimum of 15 years.
Changing beneficiaries to another student may restart the 15-year clock.
The owner of the Roth IRA must be the beneficiary of the 529 plan (meaning the student).
Any money moved from a 529 plan into a Roth IRA account will be subject to the Roth IRA annual contribution limits. The Roth IRA contribution limit in 2025 is $7,000, with an extra $1,000 allowed for individuals over 50.
The lifetime limit is $35,000.

To qualify for the tax-free and penalty-free withdrawal of earnings, Roth IRA distributions must meet a five-year holding requirement and occur after age 59½. Tax-free and penalty-free withdrawals can also be taken under other circumstances, such as the owner’s death. The original Roth IRA owner is not required to take minimum annual withdrawals.

It’s important to note that taking the money out of a 529 account for non-qualified expenses comes at a cost. Doing so may result in federal income taxes and a 10 percent penalty on the earnings portion of the withdrawal.

The truth is that for some young adults, college does not offer what they need. A person who aspires to enter a creative field might find more value in a vocational school or pursue their chosen field through smaller classes or institutes of learning. While most universities and colleges offer these courses, the cost involved could be a problem, as might the requirement to take courses beyond the student’s chosen field to earn a full degree.

In short, college is not for everyone. As you are guiding and advising the student in your life through these complicated decisions, it’s important to remember that a 529 account offers you a great deal of versatility and is designed with these variables in mind.

Remember that the funds in a 529 account can support the student’s educational goals no matter their path. By understanding how it functions and working with a financial professional, you will find that a 529 plan offers many potential opportunities.

Questions about this topic? Contact First Financial’s Investment & Retirement Center by calling 732.312.1534. You can also email maureen.mcgreevy@lpl.com

Securities and insurance offered through LPL or its affiliates are:

Education Data Initiative, December 21, 2024
Collegeboard.com, 2024
Schwab.com, June 14, 2024

The content is developed from sources believed to be providing accurate information. The information in this material is not intended as tax or legal advice. It may not be used for the purpose of avoiding any federal tax penalties. Please consult legal or tax professionals for specific information regarding your individual situation. This material was developed and produced by FMG Suite to provide information on a topic that may be of interest. FMG, LLC, is not affiliated with the named broker-dealer, state or SEC-registered investment advisory firm. The opinions expressed and material provided are for general information, and should not be considered a solicitation for the purchase or sale of any security. Copyright FMG Suite.

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Category Archives: Planning for Your Financial Future & Retirement

Insurance Needs Assessment for Empty Nesters and Retirees